Sapphire material is hard, brittle, and difficult to process, especially in surface processing methods, specifically the sapphire surface milling method. The main surface processing methods include grinding/polishing, micro groove grinding, etc. Among them, grinding/polishing is for the surface processing of sapphire lenses, but for sapphire parts with relatively complex surface shapes (such as those with certain curved surfaces and grooves), grinding/polishing is difficult to play a role.

Sapphire is widely used in various fields due to its excellent chemical stability, optical properties, high hardness, strong wear resistance, and high melting point. However, as a typical hard and brittle material, it is difficult to process. The surface processing efficiency of this material is low, the cost is high, and the processed surface is prone to damage such as fracture. With the continuous increase and expansion of sapphire lens applications, sapphire parts with relatively complex surface structures will be increasingly widely used, and their surface processing will also receive more and more attention.

Due to the high hardness and brittleness of sapphire, mechanical processing is difficult, and mirror processing technology is also relatively complex. At present, small diameter diamond grinding heads (0.5~1mm) are used for groove grinding of sapphire surfaces. Compared with grinding/polishing, this method can process micro grooves on the surface of sapphire lenses and can also process sapphire parts with curved surfaces under corresponding conditions. However, due to the small diameter of the diamond grinding head used, the strength and impact resistance of the grinding head are relatively low. Therefore, when performing micro groove grinding on the workpiece, it is necessary to strictly control the grinding depth (usually 10-20 μ m). Therefore, the grinding depth is low, the removal rate of sapphire surface material is small, and the processing efficiency is not high. However, when using traditional ball end milling cutters to mill sapphire surfaces, it is difficult to achieve good surface quality due to significant tool wear.